A fiber product (pullback) square.
Rendering
\usepackage{tikz-cd}
\begin{tikzcd} X \times_Z Y \arrow[r, "p_1"] \arrow[d, "p_2"'] & X \arrow[d, "f"] \\ Y \arrow[r, "g"'] & Z \end{tikzcd}
tikz-cd
Long Exact Sequence
Pushout Diagram